The majority of artifacts you solve are usually worthless gray vendor trash like 
Skull-Shaped Planter but occasionally you will get a rare artifact. This page will show you the full list of rare Archaeology artifacts you can discover in Cataclysm Classic.
Extremely Rare Artifacts
This is a cautionary warning for anyone considering trying to start farming some of these rare artifacts. (Marked them with an "Extremely Rare" note)
An example would be 
Zin'rokh, Destroyer of Worlds, which is what probably most people want to get.
Some of these artifacts are extremely rare (probably like 1% chance). You might get lucky and get them in like 20 solves, but there is a good chance you won't get them after farming 8 hours a day for a week.
These Artifacts are not something everyone will get by simply leveling Archaeology. This can be a painful and frustrating grind. Archeology is random in EVERY aspect (dig site spawns, project chance, token drops), which makes farming these artifacts a HUGE gamble, wasting a LOT of your time.
Night Elf
Night Elf dig sites are typically found in Kalimdor, but there are a few in Eastern Kingdoms and Northrend.
| Item | Type | Description |
 Highborne Soul Mirror | Toy | When activated, a semi-see-thru copy of you appears a few feet away, takes a couple steps towards you and stops. It will then stand rooted in place for about 15 seconds, turning to face you if you move around, then disappears. (10 min CD) |
 Druid and Priest Statue Set | Toy | Creates a large green pillar of light for 10s that surrounds your character. (1 min CD) |
 Queen Azshara's Dressing Gown | Cloth Chest | Requires level 51 to equip, but it's item level is much higher than anything you could find at this level. (Binds to Account) |
 Bones of Transformation | Toy | Transforms the user into a Naga for 20 seconds. |
 Kaldorei Wind Chimes | Toy | It shows a message: "Name" Holds his Wind Chimes to the wind. Then a typical wind chime sound plays. |
 Wisp Amulet | Toy | Take on wisp form for 2 min. (10 Min Cooldown) |
 Tyrande's Favorite Doll | Trinket (caster) | Requires level 85 to equip. (Extremely rare find) |
Fossil
Fossil dig sites are usually found in Kalimdor and Eastern Kingdoms.
| Item | Type | Description |
 Fossilized Raptor | Mount | Raptor mount. |
 Ancient Amber | Toy | Become trapped in amber. (30 Min Cooldown) |
 Pterrordax Hatchling | Pet | Non-combat companion. |
 Fossilized Hatchling | Pet | Non-combat companion. |
 Extinct Turtle Shell | Shield (Tank) | Requires level 85 to equip. (Extremely rare find) |
Dwarf
Dwarf artifacts are found in centers of historical dwarven habitation, such as the Badlands, the Wetlands, and Loch Modan.
| Item | Type | Description |
 The Innkeeper's Daughter | Toy | Alternative Hearthstone. (they share CD) |
 Chalice of the Mountain Kings | Toy | Four dancing female dwarves appear for roughly 20 seconds. Additionally, the in-game music changes to a tavern-ish music. |
 Clockwork Gnome | Pet | Non-combat companion. |
 Staff of Sorcerer-Thane Thaurissan | Staff (Caster) | Requires level 85 to equip. (Extremely rare find) |
Troll
Troll dig sites are typically found in Eastern Kingdoms, but there are also a few in Kalimdor and Northrend.
| Item | Type | Description |
 Haunted War Drum | Toy | It plays troll drum music instead of the current music. |
 Voodoo Figurine | Pet | Non-combat companion. |
| Zin'rokh, Destroyer of Worlds | Two-Hand Sword | Requires level 85 to equip. (Extremely rare find) |
Draenei
Draenei fragments are all found in Outland. You will need 300 skill to access these dig sites.
| Item | Type | Description |
 Arrival of the Naaru | Toy | When you click this a 3-second scene with three Draenei walking up to a naaru appears. |
 The Last Relic of Argus | Toy | On use teleports you to a random place. (12 Hrs CD) |
Orc
Orc fragments are exclusively found in Outland, particularly in areas such as Nagrand. You will need 300 skill to access these digsites.
| Item | Type | Description |
 Headdress of the First Shaman | Mail Helm | Requires Level 61. (Binds to Account) |
Nerubian
Nerubian fragments are all found in Northrend, typically in areas of Nerubian habitation such as Dragonblight. You will need 350 skill to access these sites. /p>
| Item | Type | Description |
 Puzzle Box of Yogg-Saron | Toy | Puzzle Box of Yogg-Saron whispers you upon use. |
 Blessing of the Old God | Toy | It turns you into a Green Qiraji Battle Tank for 20 sec. (10min CD) |
Vrykyl
Vrykul fragments are exclusively found in Northrend, especially in Howling Fjord and Icecrown areas. You must have 375+ skill to access these digsites.
| Item | Type | Description |
 Vrykyl Drinking Horn | Toy | This item has no cooldown and is not on the global cooldown. It gives you a 10 minute buff that increases your size, puts a Vrykul helm on you and causes you to have a manly roar. |
 Nifflevar Bearded Axe | One-Hand Axe | Requires Level 71 to equip. Almost twice the raw DPS than any other weapon at this level. (Binds to Account) |
Tol'vir
Tol'vir fragments are exclusively found in Uldum. You must also have 450+ skill to access these dig sites.
Unfortunately, dig site spawn locations in Uldum share the same continent as Kalimdor - a maximum total of four. This means you're gonna have to keep digging Fossil & Night Elf dig sites all over Kalimdor in order to possibly have the Uldum dig sites spawn.
| Item | Type | Description |
 Pendant of the Scarab Storm | Toy | It summons a group of scarabs that will follow you around for 20 sec. (10 min CD) |
 Crawling Claw | Pet | Non-combat companion. |
 Ring of the Boy Emperor | Ring | Requires level 85 to equip. (Extremely rare find) |
 Staff of Ammunae | Staff | Requires level 85 to equip. (Extremely rare find) |
 Scimitar of the Sirocco | One-Hand Sword | Requires level 85 to equip. (Extremely rare find) |
 Scepter of Azj'Aqir | Mount | This will teach you how to summon the Ultramarine Qiraji Battle Tank, a re-skinned version of the Black Qiraji Battle Tank. But you can use this outside Ahn'Qiraj. (Extremely rare find) |
 Canopic Jar | Mount | The Canopic Jar itself is not a rare artifact project, but it can contain  Recipe: Vial of the Sands.The recipe will only drop for Alchemists, is not a guaranteed drop, and is Bind on Pickup however, the mount associated with it  Vial of the Sands is not BoP, so you can sell it. |
